Colorectal cancer (CRC) is cancer that affects the colon or rectum, and it often starts as small, benign growths called polyps. Over time, some of these polyps can become cancerous. Risk factors for CRC include a family history of the disease, older age, inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease, and a diet high in red or processed meats. Early stages of colorectal cancer may not show obvious symptoms, but common signs include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, and fatigue.
Screening is the most effective way to catch colorectal cancer early. The American Cancer Society recommends regular screenings starting at age 45 for people at average risk. Colonoscopies are the most common method for detecting polyps and early cancers. If cancer is detected, treatment often involves surgery to remove the tumor, followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies depending on the stage.
Lifestyle changes like eating a diet high in fiber, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly can help reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Additionally, reducing alcohol consumption and quitting smoking are vital steps in prevention.
Source: American Cancer Society
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